Life insurance is a contract between an individual (the policyholder) and an insurance company. Here's how life insurance generally works:
Policy purchase:
The policyholder selects a life insurance policy based on their coverage needs and pays regular premiums to the insurance company. The premium amount is determined based on factors such as the policyholder's age, health, lifestyle, coverage amount, and the duration of the policy.
Death benefit:
In the event of the policyholder's death during the policy term, the insurance company pays out a death benefit to the designated beneficiaries. The death benefit is the sum of money specified in the policy and is intended to provide financial support to the beneficiaries.
Beneficiaries:
The policyholder designates one or more beneficiaries who will receive the death benefit upon the policyholder's death. Beneficiaries can be family members, dependents, or anyone else chosen by the policyholder. The policyholder can also specify the distribution of the death benefit among multiple beneficiaries.
Policy types:
There are different types of life insurance policies. The two main categories are:
a. Term life insurance:
This type of policy provides coverage for a specific term, such as 10, 20, or 30 years. If the policyholder dies during the term, the death benefit is paid out to the beneficiaries. If the policyholder survives the term, the policy typically expires, and no benefit is paid. Term life insurance is generally more affordable but does not build cash value.
b. Permanent life insurance:
This type of policy provides lifelong coverage as long as the premiums are paid. Permanent life insurance includes subtypes such as whole life, universal life, and variable life. These policies combine a death benefit with a cash value component that accumulates over time. Policyholders can access the cash value through withdrawals or loans, and it can potentially grow tax-deferred.
Cash value:
Permanent life insurance policies have a cash value component. A portion of the premium paid by the policyholder goes towards the cash value, which grows over time based on the policy's interest rate or investment performance. The policyholder can potentially access the cash value during their lifetime through withdrawals or loans. However, any unpaid loans or withdrawals can reduce the death benefit.
Surrender or lapse:
If the policyholder decides to surrender or cancel the policy before death, they may receive the accumulated cash value, subject to any surrender charges or penalties. If the policyholder stops paying premiums, the policy may lapse, and coverage will cease.
It's important to carefully review and understand the terms and conditions of a life insurance policy before purchasing. Life insurance can provide financial security and support for loved ones in the event of the policyholder's death, helping to cover expenses such as funeral costs, outstanding debts, mortgage payments, or income replacement. Consulting with an insurance professional can provide further guidance on selecting the right life insurance policy based on your needs and financial goals.
